CCC Cross Reference:
2 Kgs 2:9 2684
Mt 6:1-18 1434; Mt 6:1-6 1430, 1969; Mt 6:2-4 1753, 2447; Mt 6:2 1063; Mt 6:5 1063; Mt 6:6 1693, 2608, 2655, 2691; Mt 6:14-16 2792; Mt 6:16-18 1430; Mt 6:16 1063; Mt 6:18 575
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Reading 1
2 Kgs 2:1, 6-14
When the Lord was about to take Elijah up to heaven in a whirlwind,
he and Elisha were on their way from Gilgal.
Elijah said to Elisha, “Please stay here;
the Lord has sent me on to the Jordan.”
“As the Lord lives, and as you yourself live, I will not leave you,” Elisha replied.
And so the two went on together.
Fifty of the guild prophets followed and
when the two stopped at the Jordan,
they stood facing them at a distance.
Elijah took his mantle, rolled it up
and struck the water, which divided,
and both crossed over on dry ground.
When they had crossed over, Elijah said to Elisha,
“Ask for whatever I may do for you, before I am taken from you.”
Elisha answered, “May I receive a double portion of your spirit.”
“You have asked something that is not easy,” Elijah replied.
“Still, if you see me taken up from you,
your wish will be granted; otherwise not.”
As they walked on conversing,
a flaming chariot and flaming horses came between them,
and Elijah went up to heaven in a whirlwind.
When Elisha saw it happen he cried out,
“My father! my father! Israel’s chariots and drivers!”
But when he could no longer see him,
Elisha gripped his own garment and tore it in two.
Then he picked up Elijah’s mantle that had fallen from him,
and went back and stood at the bank of the Jordan.
Wielding the mantle that had fallen from Elijah,
Elisha struck the water in his turn and said,
“Where is the Lord, the God of Elijah?”
When Elisha struck the water it divided and he crossed over.
Responsorial Psalm
31:20, 21, 24
R. (25) Let your hearts take comfort, all who hope in the Lord.
How great is the goodness, O Lord,
which you have in store for those who fear you,
And which, toward those who take refuge in you,
you show in the sight of the children of men.
R. Let your hearts take comfort, all who hope in the Lord.
You hide them in the shelter of your presence
from the plottings of men;
You screen them within your abode
from the strife of tongues.
R. Let your hearts take comfort, all who hope in the Lord.
Love the Lord, all you his faithful ones!
The Lord keeps those who are constant, but more than requites those who act proudly.
R. Let your hearts take comfort, all who hope in the Lord.
Gospel
Mt 6:1-6, 16-18
Jesus said to his disciples:
“Take care not to perform righteous deeds
in order that people may see them;
otherwise, you will have no recompense from your heavenly Father.
When you give alms, do not blow a trumpet before you,
as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets
to win the praise of others.
Amen, I say to you, they have received their reward.
But when you give alms,
do not let your left hand know what your right is doing,
so that your almsgiving may be secret.
And your Father who sees in secret will repay you.
“When you pray, do not be like the hypocrites,
who love to stand and pray in the synagogues and on street corners
so that others may see them.
Amen, I say to you, they have received their reward.
But when you pray, go to your inner room, close the door,
and pray to your Father in secret.
And your Father who sees in secret will repay you.
“When you fast, do not look gloomy like the hypocrites.
They neglect their appearance,
so that they may appear to others to be fasting.
Amen, I say to you, they have received their reward.
But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face,
so that you may not appear to others to be fasting,
except to your Father who is hidden.
And your Father who sees what is hidden will repay you.”
Readings from the Jerusalem Bible
First reading 2 Kings 2:1 – 14
This is what happened when the Lord took Elijah up to heaven in the whirlwind: Elijah and Elisha set out from Gilgal, Elijah said, ‘Elisha, please stay here, the Lord is only sending me to the Jordan.’ But he replied, ‘As the Lord lives and as you yourself live, I will not leave you!’ And they went on together.
Fifty of the brotherhood of prophets followed them, halting some distance away as the two of them stood beside the Jordan. Elijah took his cloak, rolled it up and struck the water; and the water divided to left and right, and the two of them crossed over dry-shod. When they had crossed, Elijah said to Elisha, ‘Make your request. What can I do for you before I am taken from you?’ Elisha answered, ‘Let me inherit a double share of your spirit.’ ‘Your request is a difficult one’ Elijah said. ‘If you see me while I am being taken from you, it shall be as you ask; if not, it will not be so.’ Now as they walked on, talking as they went, a chariot of fire appeared and horses of fire, coming between the two of them; and Elijah went up to heaven in the whirlwind. Elisha saw it, and shouted, ‘My father! My father! Chariot of Israel and its chargers!’ Then he lost sight of him, and taking hold of his clothes he tore them in half. He picked up the cloak of Elijah which had fallen, and went back and stood on the bank of the Jordan.
He took the cloak of Elijah and struck the water. ‘Where is the Lord, the God of Elijah?’ he cried. He struck the water, and it divided to right and left, and Elisha crossed over.
Responsorial Psalm:
Psalm 30(31):20,21,24
Let your heart take courage, all who hope in the Lord.
How great is the goodness, Lord,
that you keep for those who fear you,
that you show to those who trust you
in the sight of men.
Let your heart take courage, all who hope in the Lord.
You hide them in the shelter of your presence
from the plotting of men;
you keep them safe within your tent
from disputing tongues.
Let your heart take courage, all who hope in the Lord.
Love the Lord, all you saints.
He guards his faithful
but the Lord will repay to the full
those who act with pride.
Let your heart take courage, all who hope in the Lord.
Gospel Matthew 6:1 – 18
Jesus said, ‘Be careful not to parade your good deeds before men to attract their notice; by doing this you will lose all reward from your Father in heaven. So when you give alms, do not have it trumpeted before you; this is what the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets to win men’s admiration. I tell you solemnly, they have had their reward. But when you give alms, your left hand must not know what your right is doing; your almsgiving must be secret, and your Father who sees all that is done in secret will reward you.
‘And when you pray, do not imitate the hypocrites: they love to say their prayers standing up in the synagogues and at the street corners for people to see them; I tell you solemnly, they have had their reward. But when you pray, go to your private room and, when you have shut your door, pray to your Father who is in that secret place, and your Father who sees all that is done in secret will reward you.
‘When you fast do not put on a gloomy look as the hypocrites do: they pull long faces to let men know they are fasting. I tell you solemnly, they have had their reward. But when you fast, put oil on your head and wash your face, so that no one will know you are fasting except your Father who sees all that is done in secret; and your Father who sees all that is done in secret will reward you.’
Readings and Commentary from the Navarre Bible
Wednesday of the 11th Week in Ordinary Time
From: 2 Kings 2:1, 6-14
Elijah is taken up into the sky
-------------------------------------------
[1] Now when the Lord was about to take Elijah up to heaven by a whirlwind Elijah and Elisha were on their way from Gilgal.
[6] Then Elijah said to him, "Tarry here, I pray you; for the Lord has sent me to the Jordan." But he said, "As the Lord lives, and as you yourself live, I will not leave you." So the two of them went on. [7] Fifty men of the sons of the prophets also went, and stood at some distance from them, as they both were standing by the Jordan. [8] Then Elijah took his mantle, and rolled it up, and struck the water, and the water was parted to the one side and to the other, till the two of them could go over on dry ground.
[9] When they had crossed, Elijah said to Elisha, "Ask what I shall do for you, before I am taken from you." And Elisha said, "I pray you, let me inherit a double share of your spirit." [10] And he said, "You have asked for a hard thing; yet, if you see me as I am being taken from you, it shall be so for you; but if you do not see me, it shall not be so." [11] And as they still went on and talked, behold, a chariot of fire and horses of fire separated the two of them. And Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven. [12[ And Elisha saw it and he cried, "My father, my father! the chariots of Israel and its horsemen!" And he saw him no more. Then he took hold of his own clothes and rent them in two pieces.
Elisha, Elijah's successor
-------------------------------------
[13] And he took up the mantle of Elijah that had fallen from him, and went back and stood on the bank of the Jordan. [14] Then he took the mantle of Elijah that had fallen from him, and struck the water, saying, "Where is the Lord, the God of Elijah?" And when he had struck the water, the water was parted to one side and to the other; and Elisha went over.
*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:
2:1-13:25. Having concluded the section dealing with kings in the time of Elijah (cf. 1 Kings 17:1-2 Kings 1:18), the biblical narrative now focuses on Elisha. First it tells how he succeeded Elijah (chap. 2) and then it goes on to cover his wonderworking and prophetical activity, up to his death (chap. 13). The account of his death, which occurred at the beginning of the eighth century BC, brings to a close a period of the history of Israel spanning the careers of two great prophets, Elijah and Elisha.
Elisha's activity is different from Elijah's in many ways: firstly, Elisha's miracles are designed to resolve difficulties of his contemporaries, whereas Elijah's were performed to demonstrate the sovereignty of the one God; secondly, Elisha is much more involved than his predecessor in political affairs and is much closer to the kings, too; finally, Elisha has more contact with the groups of prophets than Elijah had. Elisha is, then, a prophet much closer to the people, showing them the love God has for them.
2:1-25. Elisha becomes the heir of his master's spirit when he sees Elijah being taken up to heaven (vv. 9-12). The signs which Elisha goes on to work win him recognition as Elijah's successor – first, from the other prophets, once they are convinced that Elijah is indeed no longer in this world (vv. 13-18), and then from all the people, who witness extraordinary prodigies worked by Elisha (vv. 19-25).
2:1-12. This passage deals with one of the most mysterious, and also the most popular, episodes in the Old Testament – Elijah being taken up to heaven by a whirlwind. God wants to show the special destiny reserved for Elijah on account of his fidelity, a destiny similar to Enoch's for having walked with God (cf. Gen 5:21-24).
In recounting this ancient tradition about Elijah, the sacred writer highlights aspects of Elijah's connexion with groups of prophets and particularly with Elisha, whom he had already designated as his successor (cf. 1 Kings 19:19-21).
Elisha's request for a double share of Elijah's spirit is reminiscent of the double portion of the paternal estate due to the first-born in Israel (cf. Deut 21:17). The condition that Elijah lays down shows that divine gifts can be passed on only to those able to receive them (cf. vv. 10-12).
The function of the chariot and horses of fire is to separate the two prophets when Elijah is being swept up. The book of Sirach (Ecclesiasticus), in its time, will interpret them as a sign that God has brought him up into heaven (cf. Sir 48: 8-9). Chariots of fire are also a symbol of God's presence and of his glory, as in Psalm 68:17, for example. The fact that Elijah had not died is the reason why he is assigned a role in the future, at the messianic restoration of the twelve tribes (cf. Sir 48:10) and before the coming of the "day of the Lord" (Mal 4:5). The figure of Elijah is also to be found in the New Testament where he is identified with John the Baptist, Christ's precursor (cf. Mt 11:14, 17:10-12), in the sense that the Baptist is inspired by the same spirit as inspired Elijah.
The last wonder worked by Elijah, over the waters of the Jordan (cf. v. 8), again likens him to Moses (cf. Ex 14:16-21 and notes on 1 Kings 19:1-18). Even the place where Elijah is taken up into heaven is not far from where Moses died (cf. Deut 34:4-6) before the people entered the promised land. These similarities between Moses and Elijah suggest certain parallels: Moses represents the Law which God gave Israel through his mediation; Elijah represents the prophetical spirit which God manifested through the prophet's life and through his being taken up into heaven. So, it is not surprising that when our Lord chose to reveal his glory to the disciples by his transformation on Mount Tabor, he should have chosen to appear alongside Moses and Elijah, because the Law and the Prophets find their fulfilment in Christ (cf. Mt 17:3 and par.).
2:13-18. The mantle symbolizes the authority of its owner and, in this case, the fact that he possesses the prophetical spirit (cf. 1 Kings 19:19-21). Elisha uses it to repeat the prodigy previously worked by Elijah; but now he does so to cross towards the land of Israel, as the people once did on the orders of Joshua (cf. Josh 3:14-17).
On witnessing the prodigy worked by Elisha, the prophets acknowledge him as Elijah's true heir (v. 15); but they want to make sure that it was not to some other place on earth that Elijah was taken, as popular thinking had it (cf. 1 Kings 18:12).
*********************************************************************************************
From: Matthew 6:1-6, 16-18
An Upright Intention in Almsgiving, Prayer and Fasting
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Jesus said to His disciples,] [1] "Beware of practising your piety before men in order to be seen by them; for then you will have no reward from your Father who is in Heaven.
[2] "Thus, when you give alms, sound no trumpet before you, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may be praised by men. Truly, I say to you, they have their reward. [3] But when you give alms, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, [4] so that your alms may be in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you.
[5] "And when you pray, you must not be like the hypocrites; for they love to stand and pray in the synagogues and at the street corners, that they may be seen by men. Truly, I say to you, they have their reward. [6] But when you pray, go into your room and shut the door and pray to your Father who is in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you.
[16] "And when you fast, do not look dismal, like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces that their fasting may be seen by men. Truly, I say to you, they have their reward. [17] But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face, [18] that your fasting may not be seen by men but by your Father who is in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you."
*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:
1-18. "Piety", here, means good works (cf. note on Matthew 5:6). Our Lord is indicating the kind of spirit in which we should do acts of personal piety. Almsgiving, fasting and prayer were the basic forms taken by personal piety among the chosen people--which is why Jesus refers to these three subjects. With complete authority He teaches that true piety must be practiced with an upright intention, in the presence of God and without any ostentation. Piety practiced in this way implies exercising our faith in God who sees us--and also in the safe knowledge that He will reward those who are sincerely devout.
5-6. Following the teaching of Jesus, the Church has always taught us to pray even when we were infants. By saying "you" (singular) our Lord is stating quite unequivocally the need for personal prayer--relating as child to Father, alone with God.
Public prayer, for which Christ's faithful assemble together, is something necessary and holy; but it should never displace obedience to this clear commandment of our Lord: "When you pray, go into your room and shut the door and pray to your Father".
The Second Vatican Council reminds us of the teaching and practice of the Church in its liturgy, which is "the summit toward which the activity of the Church is directed; it is also the fount from which all her power flows [...]. The spiritual life, however, is not limited solely to participation in the liturgy. The Christian is indeed called to pray with others, but he must also enter into his bedroom to pray to his Father in secret; furthermore, according to the teaching of the Apostle, he must pray without ceasing (1 Thessalonians 5:17)" ("Sacrosanctum Concilium", 10 and 12).
A soul who really puts his Christian faith into practice realizes that he needs frequently to get away and pray alone to his Father, God. Jesus, who gives us this teaching about prayer, practiced it during His own life on earth: the holy Gospel reports that He often went apart to pray on His own: "At times He spent the whole night in an intimate conversation with His Father. The Apostles were filled with love when they saw Christ pray" (St. J. Escriva, "Christ Is Passing By", 119; cf. Matthew 14:23; Mark 1:35; Luke 5:16; etc.). The Apostles followed the Master's example, and so we see Peter going up to the rooftop of the house to pray in private, and receiving a revelation (cf. Acts 10:9-16). "Our life of prayer should also be based on some moments that are dedicated exclusively to our conversation with God, moments of silent dialogue" ("ibid", 119).
16-18. Starting from the traditional practice of fasting, our Lord tells us the spirit in which we should exercise mortification of our senses: we should do so without ostentation, avoiding praise, discreetly; that way Jesus' words will not apply to us: "they have their reward"; it would have been a very bad deal. "The world admires only spectacular sacrifice, because it does not realize the value of sacrifice that is hidden and silent" (St. J. Escriva, "The Way", 185).
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Source: "The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries". Biblical text from the Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and by Scepter Publishers in the United States. We encourage readers to purchase The Navarre Bible for personal study. See Scepter Publishers for details.
2 Kgs 2:1, 6-14
When the Lord was about to take Elijah up to heaven in a whirlwind,
he and Elisha were on their way from Gilgal.
Elijah said to Elisha, “Please stay here;
the Lord has sent me on to the Jordan.”
“As the Lord lives, and as you yourself live, I will not leave you,” Elisha replied.
And so the two went on together.
Fifty of the guild prophets followed and
when the two stopped at the Jordan,
they stood facing them at a distance.
Elijah took his mantle, rolled it up
and struck the water, which divided,
and both crossed over on dry ground.
When they had crossed over, Elijah said to Elisha,
“Ask for whatever I may do for you, before I am taken from you.”
Elisha answered, “May I receive a double portion of your spirit.”
“You have asked something that is not easy,” Elijah replied.
“Still, if you see me taken up from you,
your wish will be granted; otherwise not.”
As they walked on conversing,
a flaming chariot and flaming horses came between them,
and Elijah went up to heaven in a whirlwind.
When Elisha saw it happen he cried out,
“My father! my father! Israel’s chariots and drivers!”
But when he could no longer see him,
Elisha gripped his own garment and tore it in two.
Then he picked up Elijah’s mantle that had fallen from him,
and went back and stood at the bank of the Jordan.
Wielding the mantle that had fallen from Elijah,
Elisha struck the water in his turn and said,
“Where is the Lord, the God of Elijah?”
When Elisha struck the water it divided and he crossed over.
Responsorial Psalm
31:20, 21, 24
R. (25) Let your hearts take comfort, all who hope in the Lord.
How great is the goodness, O Lord,
which you have in store for those who fear you,
And which, toward those who take refuge in you,
you show in the sight of the children of men.
R. Let your hearts take comfort, all who hope in the Lord.
You hide them in the shelter of your presence
from the plottings of men;
You screen them within your abode
from the strife of tongues.
R. Let your hearts take comfort, all who hope in the Lord.
Love the Lord, all you his faithful ones!
The Lord keeps those who are constant, but more than requites those who act proudly.
R. Let your hearts take comfort, all who hope in the Lord.
Gospel
Mt 6:1-6, 16-18
Jesus said to his disciples:
“Take care not to perform righteous deeds
in order that people may see them;
otherwise, you will have no recompense from your heavenly Father.
When you give alms, do not blow a trumpet before you,
as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets
to win the praise of others.
Amen, I say to you, they have received their reward.
But when you give alms,
do not let your left hand know what your right is doing,
so that your almsgiving may be secret.
And your Father who sees in secret will repay you.
“When you pray, do not be like the hypocrites,
who love to stand and pray in the synagogues and on street corners
so that others may see them.
Amen, I say to you, they have received their reward.
But when you pray, go to your inner room, close the door,
and pray to your Father in secret.
And your Father who sees in secret will repay you.
“When you fast, do not look gloomy like the hypocrites.
They neglect their appearance,
so that they may appear to others to be fasting.
Amen, I say to you, they have received their reward.
But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face,
so that you may not appear to others to be fasting,
except to your Father who is hidden.
And your Father who sees what is hidden will repay you.”
Readings from the Jerusalem Bible
First reading 2 Kings 2:1 – 14
This is what happened when the Lord took Elijah up to heaven in the whirlwind: Elijah and Elisha set out from Gilgal, Elijah said, ‘Elisha, please stay here, the Lord is only sending me to the Jordan.’ But he replied, ‘As the Lord lives and as you yourself live, I will not leave you!’ And they went on together.
Fifty of the brotherhood of prophets followed them, halting some distance away as the two of them stood beside the Jordan. Elijah took his cloak, rolled it up and struck the water; and the water divided to left and right, and the two of them crossed over dry-shod. When they had crossed, Elijah said to Elisha, ‘Make your request. What can I do for you before I am taken from you?’ Elisha answered, ‘Let me inherit a double share of your spirit.’ ‘Your request is a difficult one’ Elijah said. ‘If you see me while I am being taken from you, it shall be as you ask; if not, it will not be so.’ Now as they walked on, talking as they went, a chariot of fire appeared and horses of fire, coming between the two of them; and Elijah went up to heaven in the whirlwind. Elisha saw it, and shouted, ‘My father! My father! Chariot of Israel and its chargers!’ Then he lost sight of him, and taking hold of his clothes he tore them in half. He picked up the cloak of Elijah which had fallen, and went back and stood on the bank of the Jordan.
He took the cloak of Elijah and struck the water. ‘Where is the Lord, the God of Elijah?’ he cried. He struck the water, and it divided to right and left, and Elisha crossed over.
Responsorial Psalm:
Psalm 30(31):20,21,24
Let your heart take courage, all who hope in the Lord.
How great is the goodness, Lord,
that you keep for those who fear you,
that you show to those who trust you
in the sight of men.
Let your heart take courage, all who hope in the Lord.
You hide them in the shelter of your presence
from the plotting of men;
you keep them safe within your tent
from disputing tongues.
Let your heart take courage, all who hope in the Lord.
Love the Lord, all you saints.
He guards his faithful
but the Lord will repay to the full
those who act with pride.
Let your heart take courage, all who hope in the Lord.
Gospel Matthew 6:1 – 18
Jesus said, ‘Be careful not to parade your good deeds before men to attract their notice; by doing this you will lose all reward from your Father in heaven. So when you give alms, do not have it trumpeted before you; this is what the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets to win men’s admiration. I tell you solemnly, they have had their reward. But when you give alms, your left hand must not know what your right is doing; your almsgiving must be secret, and your Father who sees all that is done in secret will reward you.
‘And when you pray, do not imitate the hypocrites: they love to say their prayers standing up in the synagogues and at the street corners for people to see them; I tell you solemnly, they have had their reward. But when you pray, go to your private room and, when you have shut your door, pray to your Father who is in that secret place, and your Father who sees all that is done in secret will reward you.
‘When you fast do not put on a gloomy look as the hypocrites do: they pull long faces to let men know they are fasting. I tell you solemnly, they have had their reward. But when you fast, put oil on your head and wash your face, so that no one will know you are fasting except your Father who sees all that is done in secret; and your Father who sees all that is done in secret will reward you.’
Readings and Commentary from the Navarre Bible
Wednesday of the 11th Week in Ordinary Time
From: 2 Kings 2:1, 6-14
Elijah is taken up into the sky
-------------------------------------------
[1] Now when the Lord was about to take Elijah up to heaven by a whirlwind Elijah and Elisha were on their way from Gilgal.
[6] Then Elijah said to him, "Tarry here, I pray you; for the Lord has sent me to the Jordan." But he said, "As the Lord lives, and as you yourself live, I will not leave you." So the two of them went on. [7] Fifty men of the sons of the prophets also went, and stood at some distance from them, as they both were standing by the Jordan. [8] Then Elijah took his mantle, and rolled it up, and struck the water, and the water was parted to the one side and to the other, till the two of them could go over on dry ground.
[9] When they had crossed, Elijah said to Elisha, "Ask what I shall do for you, before I am taken from you." And Elisha said, "I pray you, let me inherit a double share of your spirit." [10] And he said, "You have asked for a hard thing; yet, if you see me as I am being taken from you, it shall be so for you; but if you do not see me, it shall not be so." [11] And as they still went on and talked, behold, a chariot of fire and horses of fire separated the two of them. And Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven. [12[ And Elisha saw it and he cried, "My father, my father! the chariots of Israel and its horsemen!" And he saw him no more. Then he took hold of his own clothes and rent them in two pieces.
Elisha, Elijah's successor
-------------------------------------
[13] And he took up the mantle of Elijah that had fallen from him, and went back and stood on the bank of the Jordan. [14] Then he took the mantle of Elijah that had fallen from him, and struck the water, saying, "Where is the Lord, the God of Elijah?" And when he had struck the water, the water was parted to one side and to the other; and Elisha went over.
*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:
2:1-13:25. Having concluded the section dealing with kings in the time of Elijah (cf. 1 Kings 17:1-2 Kings 1:18), the biblical narrative now focuses on Elisha. First it tells how he succeeded Elijah (chap. 2) and then it goes on to cover his wonderworking and prophetical activity, up to his death (chap. 13). The account of his death, which occurred at the beginning of the eighth century BC, brings to a close a period of the history of Israel spanning the careers of two great prophets, Elijah and Elisha.
Elisha's activity is different from Elijah's in many ways: firstly, Elisha's miracles are designed to resolve difficulties of his contemporaries, whereas Elijah's were performed to demonstrate the sovereignty of the one God; secondly, Elisha is much more involved than his predecessor in political affairs and is much closer to the kings, too; finally, Elisha has more contact with the groups of prophets than Elijah had. Elisha is, then, a prophet much closer to the people, showing them the love God has for them.
2:1-25. Elisha becomes the heir of his master's spirit when he sees Elijah being taken up to heaven (vv. 9-12). The signs which Elisha goes on to work win him recognition as Elijah's successor – first, from the other prophets, once they are convinced that Elijah is indeed no longer in this world (vv. 13-18), and then from all the people, who witness extraordinary prodigies worked by Elisha (vv. 19-25).
2:1-12. This passage deals with one of the most mysterious, and also the most popular, episodes in the Old Testament – Elijah being taken up to heaven by a whirlwind. God wants to show the special destiny reserved for Elijah on account of his fidelity, a destiny similar to Enoch's for having walked with God (cf. Gen 5:21-24).
In recounting this ancient tradition about Elijah, the sacred writer highlights aspects of Elijah's connexion with groups of prophets and particularly with Elisha, whom he had already designated as his successor (cf. 1 Kings 19:19-21).
Elisha's request for a double share of Elijah's spirit is reminiscent of the double portion of the paternal estate due to the first-born in Israel (cf. Deut 21:17). The condition that Elijah lays down shows that divine gifts can be passed on only to those able to receive them (cf. vv. 10-12).
The function of the chariot and horses of fire is to separate the two prophets when Elijah is being swept up. The book of Sirach (Ecclesiasticus), in its time, will interpret them as a sign that God has brought him up into heaven (cf. Sir 48: 8-9). Chariots of fire are also a symbol of God's presence and of his glory, as in Psalm 68:17, for example. The fact that Elijah had not died is the reason why he is assigned a role in the future, at the messianic restoration of the twelve tribes (cf. Sir 48:10) and before the coming of the "day of the Lord" (Mal 4:5). The figure of Elijah is also to be found in the New Testament where he is identified with John the Baptist, Christ's precursor (cf. Mt 11:14, 17:10-12), in the sense that the Baptist is inspired by the same spirit as inspired Elijah.
The last wonder worked by Elijah, over the waters of the Jordan (cf. v. 8), again likens him to Moses (cf. Ex 14:16-21 and notes on 1 Kings 19:1-18). Even the place where Elijah is taken up into heaven is not far from where Moses died (cf. Deut 34:4-6) before the people entered the promised land. These similarities between Moses and Elijah suggest certain parallels: Moses represents the Law which God gave Israel through his mediation; Elijah represents the prophetical spirit which God manifested through the prophet's life and through his being taken up into heaven. So, it is not surprising that when our Lord chose to reveal his glory to the disciples by his transformation on Mount Tabor, he should have chosen to appear alongside Moses and Elijah, because the Law and the Prophets find their fulfilment in Christ (cf. Mt 17:3 and par.).
2:13-18. The mantle symbolizes the authority of its owner and, in this case, the fact that he possesses the prophetical spirit (cf. 1 Kings 19:19-21). Elisha uses it to repeat the prodigy previously worked by Elijah; but now he does so to cross towards the land of Israel, as the people once did on the orders of Joshua (cf. Josh 3:14-17).
On witnessing the prodigy worked by Elisha, the prophets acknowledge him as Elijah's true heir (v. 15); but they want to make sure that it was not to some other place on earth that Elijah was taken, as popular thinking had it (cf. 1 Kings 18:12).
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From: Matthew 6:1-6, 16-18
An Upright Intention in Almsgiving, Prayer and Fasting
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[Jesus said to His disciples,] [1] "Beware of practising your piety before men in order to be seen by them; for then you will have no reward from your Father who is in Heaven.
[2] "Thus, when you give alms, sound no trumpet before you, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may be praised by men. Truly, I say to you, they have their reward. [3] But when you give alms, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, [4] so that your alms may be in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you.
[5] "And when you pray, you must not be like the hypocrites; for they love to stand and pray in the synagogues and at the street corners, that they may be seen by men. Truly, I say to you, they have their reward. [6] But when you pray, go into your room and shut the door and pray to your Father who is in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you.
[16] "And when you fast, do not look dismal, like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces that their fasting may be seen by men. Truly, I say to you, they have their reward. [17] But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face, [18] that your fasting may not be seen by men but by your Father who is in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you."
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Commentary:
1-18. "Piety", here, means good works (cf. note on Matthew 5:6). Our Lord is indicating the kind of spirit in which we should do acts of personal piety. Almsgiving, fasting and prayer were the basic forms taken by personal piety among the chosen people--which is why Jesus refers to these three subjects. With complete authority He teaches that true piety must be practiced with an upright intention, in the presence of God and without any ostentation. Piety practiced in this way implies exercising our faith in God who sees us--and also in the safe knowledge that He will reward those who are sincerely devout.
5-6. Following the teaching of Jesus, the Church has always taught us to pray even when we were infants. By saying "you" (singular) our Lord is stating quite unequivocally the need for personal prayer--relating as child to Father, alone with God.
Public prayer, for which Christ's faithful assemble together, is something necessary and holy; but it should never displace obedience to this clear commandment of our Lord: "When you pray, go into your room and shut the door and pray to your Father".
The Second Vatican Council reminds us of the teaching and practice of the Church in its liturgy, which is "the summit toward which the activity of the Church is directed; it is also the fount from which all her power flows [...]. The spiritual life, however, is not limited solely to participation in the liturgy. The Christian is indeed called to pray with others, but he must also enter into his bedroom to pray to his Father in secret; furthermore, according to the teaching of the Apostle, he must pray without ceasing (1 Thessalonians 5:17)" ("Sacrosanctum Concilium", 10 and 12).
A soul who really puts his Christian faith into practice realizes that he needs frequently to get away and pray alone to his Father, God. Jesus, who gives us this teaching about prayer, practiced it during His own life on earth: the holy Gospel reports that He often went apart to pray on His own: "At times He spent the whole night in an intimate conversation with His Father. The Apostles were filled with love when they saw Christ pray" (St. J. Escriva, "Christ Is Passing By", 119; cf. Matthew 14:23; Mark 1:35; Luke 5:16; etc.). The Apostles followed the Master's example, and so we see Peter going up to the rooftop of the house to pray in private, and receiving a revelation (cf. Acts 10:9-16). "Our life of prayer should also be based on some moments that are dedicated exclusively to our conversation with God, moments of silent dialogue" ("ibid", 119).
16-18. Starting from the traditional practice of fasting, our Lord tells us the spirit in which we should exercise mortification of our senses: we should do so without ostentation, avoiding praise, discreetly; that way Jesus' words will not apply to us: "they have their reward"; it would have been a very bad deal. "The world admires only spectacular sacrifice, because it does not realize the value of sacrifice that is hidden and silent" (St. J. Escriva, "The Way", 185).
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Source: "The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries". Biblical text from the Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and by Scepter Publishers in the United States. We encourage readers to purchase The Navarre Bible for personal study. See Scepter Publishers for details.
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