CCC Cross Reference:
Ez 9:4-6 1296
Ps 113:1-2 2143
Mt 18:16 2472; Mt 18:18 553, 1444; Mt 18:20 1088, 1373
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Reading 1
Ez 9:1-7; 10:18-22
The Lord cried loud for me to hear: Come, you scourges of the city!
With that I saw six men coming from the direction
of the upper gate which faces the north,
each with a destroying weapon in his hand.
In their midst was a man dressed in linen,
with a writer’s case at his waist.
They entered and stood beside the bronze altar.
Then he called to the man dressed in linen
with the writer’s case at his waist, saying to him:
Pass through the city, through Jerusalem,
and mark a “Thau” on the foreheads of those who moan and groan
over all the abominations that are practiced within it.
To the others I heard the Lord say:
Pass through the city after him and strike!
Do not look on them with pity nor show any mercy!
Old men, youths and maidens, women and children–wipe them out!
But do not touch any marked with the “Thau”; begin at my sanctuary.
So they began with the men, the elders, who were in front of the temple.
Defile the temple, he said to them, and fill the courts with the slain;
then go out and strike in the city.
Then the glory of the Lord left the threshold of the temple
and rested upon the cherubim.
These lifted their wings, and I saw them rise from the earth,
the wheels rising along with them.
They stood at the entrance of the eastern gate of the Lord’s house,
and the glory of the God of Israel was up above them.
Then the cherubim lifted their wings, and the wheels went along with them,
while up above them was the glory of the God of Israel.
Responsorial Psalm
Ps 113:1-2, 3-4, 5-6
R. (4b) The glory of the Lord is higher than the skies.
or:
R. Alleluia.
Praise, you servants of the Lord,
praise the name of the Lord.
Blessed be the name of the Lord
both now and forever.
R. The glory of the Lord is higher than the skies.
or:
R. Alleluia.
From the rising to the setting of the sun
is the name of the Lord to be praised.
High above all nations is the Lord;
above the heavens is his glory.
R. The glory of the Lord is higher than the skies.
or:
R. Alleluia.
Who is like the Lord, our God, who is enthroned on high,
and looks upon the heavens and the earth below?
R. The glory of the Lord is higher than the skies.
or:
R. Alleluia.
Gospel
Mt 18:15-20
Jesus said to his disciples:
“If your brother sins against you,
go and tell him his fault between you and him alone.
If he listens to you, you have won over your brother.
If he does not listen,
take one or two others along with you,
so that every fact may be established
on the testimony of two or three witnesses.
If he refuses to listen to them, tell the Church.
If he refuses to listen even to the Church,
then treat him as you would a Gentile or a tax collector.
Amen, I say to you,
whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven,
and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.
Again, amen, I say to you, if two of you agree on earth
about anything for which they are to pray,
it shall be granted to them by my heavenly Father.
For where two or three are gathered together in my name,
there am I in the midst of them.”
Readings from the Jerusalem Bible
First reading Ezekiel 9:1 - 10:22
Then as I listened he shouted, ‘Come here, you scourges of the city, and bring your weapons of destruction.’ Immediately six men advanced from the upper north gate, each holding a deadly weapon. In the middle of them was a man in white, with a scribe’s ink horn in his belt. They came in and halted in front of the bronze altar. The glory of the God of Israel rose off the cherubs where it had been and went up to the threshold of the Temple. He called the man in white with a scribe’s ink horn in his belt and said, ‘Go all through the city, all through Jerusalem, and mark a cross on the foreheads of all who deplore and disapprove of all the filth practiced in it.’ I heard him say to the others, ‘Follow him through the city, and strike. Show neither pity nor mercy; old men, young men, virgins, children, women, kill and exterminate them all. But do not touch anyone with a cross on his forehead. Begin at my sanctuary.’ So they began with the old men in front of the Temple. He said to them, ‘Defile the Temple; fill the courts with corpses, and go.’ They went out and hacked their way through the city.
The glory of the Lord came out from the Temple threshold and paused over the cherubs. The cherubs spread their wings and rose from the ground to leave, and as I watched the wheels rose with them. They paused at the entrance to the east gate of the Temple of the Lord, and the glory of the God of Israel hovered over them. This was the creature that I had seen supporting the God of Israel beside the river Chebar, and I was now certain that these were cherubs. Each had four faces and four wings and what seemed to be human hands under their wings. Their faces were just as I had seen them beside the river Chebar. Each moved straight forward.
Psalm: Psalm 112:1-6
Gospel Matthew 18:15 – 20
Jesus said, ‘If your brother does something wrong, go and have it out with him alone, is between your two selves. If he listens to you, you have won back your brother. If he does not listen, take one or two others along with you: the evidence of two or three witnesses is required to sustain any charge. But if he refuses to listen to these, report it to the community; and if he refuses to listen to the community, treat him like a pagan or a tax collector.
‘I tell you solemnly, whatever you bind on earth shall be considered bound in heaven; whatever you loose on earth shall be considered loosed in heaven.
‘I tell you solemnly once again, if two of you on earth agree to ask anything at all, it will be granted to you by my Father in heaven. For where two or three meet in my name, I shall be there with them.’
Readings and Commentary from the Navarre Bible
Wednesday of the 19th Week in Ordinary Time
From: Ezekiel 9:1-7; 10:18-22
Punishment deserved by the Israelites
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[1] Then he cried in my ears with a loud voice, saying, “Draw near, you execu- tioners of the city, each with his destroying weapon in his hand.” [2] And lo, six men came from the direction of the upper gate, which faces north, every man with his weapon for slaughter in his hand, and with them was a man clothed in linen, with a writing case at his side. And they went in and stood beside the bronze altar.
[3] Now the glory of the God of Israel had gone up from the cherubim on which it rested to the threshold of the house; and he called to the man clothed in linen, who had the writing case at his side. [4] And the Lord said to him, “Go through the city, through Jerusalem, and put a mark upon the foreheads of the men who sigh and groan over all the abominations that are committed in it.” [5] And to the others he said in my hearing, “Pass through the city after him, and smite; your eye shall not spare, and you shall show no pity; [6] slay old men outright, young men and maidens, little children and women, but touch no one upon whom is the mark. And begin at my sanctuary.” So they began with the elders who were before the house. [7] Then he said to them, “Defile the house, and fill the courts with the slain. Go forth.” So they went forth, and smote in the city.
[18] Then the glory of the Lord went forth from the threshold of the house, and stood over the cherubim. “And the cherubim lifted up their wings and mounted up from the earth in my sight as they went forth, with the wheels beside them; and they stood at the door of the east gate of the house of the Lord; and the glory of the God of Israel was over them.
[20] These were the living creatures that I saw underneath the God of Israel by the river Chebar; and I knew that they were cherubim. [21] Each had four faces, and each four wings, and underneath their wings the semblance of human hands. [22] And as for the likeness of their faces, they were the very faces whose appearance I had seen by the river Chebar. They went every one straight forward.
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Commentary:
9:1-11. The implications of the Lord’s decision to “deal in wrath” (8:18) is spelled out in detail. The description of the massacre of the inhabitants of Jerusalem (v. 6) is more a piece of religious teaching that an exact account of what happened when the Babylonians invaded the city. There is intentional symbolism in the description, even if we don’t always manage to see what it means. Thus, the executioners come from the north (v. 2), that is, the direction from which came Assyrian- Babylonian invasions capable of destroying the kingdom. There are seven of them, six with “weapons for slaughter in their hands” and one clothed in linen like a priest (cf. Ex 28:42; Lev 16:4) -- seven in all, that is, a number indicating completeness; and the fact that there is a priest in charge implies that they are there by order of the Lord. What is being described, then, is absolute and utter destruction. If these men stand for the armies of Nebuchadnezzar, as they seem to do, Ezekiel is depicting those armies as being weapons in God’s hands and not as wicked invaders.
The “glory of the God of Israel” (v. 3) goes up from the Holy of Holies to direct the plan of punishment, and, above all, as a sign that God is preparing to leave his dwelling-place, the temple. The “mark” (v. 4) is a tau, the last letter of the alphabet, which in ancient Hebrew had the form of a cross; it is reminiscent of the mark of Cain (Gen 4:15). All who bear the mark will escape death; but they will not escape punishment (cf. 7:16). The people who bear the mark may be the exiles, the prophet’s companions. St Jerome records a nice interpretation by Origen: “When the people of Israel were asked what the taw means, some answered that because it is the last of the twenty-two letters of the alphabet it shows the perfection of those who remained to wail and lament the sins of the eople. Others said it was a sign of those who had fulfilled the Law, which is Torah in Hebrew. And, finally, others said that it referred to those who believe in Christ, because the taw takes the form of a cross, the sign with which all Christians are marked at their baptism” (Selecta in Eechielein, 9).
Defilement of the temple with the bodies of the slain (v. 7) was the very worst form of punishment, because it would force the Lord to withdraw. The destruction of the city (which has yet to happen) is a foregone conclusion, the inevitable outcome of this defilement.
10:1-22. The siege of Jerusalem ended with a terrible fire that razed the temple, the royal palace and private houses (cf. 2 Kings 25:9). Ezekiel describes the event in theological language, and he describes it as happening when the glory of the Lord dramatically withdraws from the temple.
The first scene (vv. 1-7) shows the priest, dressed in linen, charged with taking coals from the very throne of God and flinging them on the city to set it ablaze. The war in Jerusalem is therefore being interpreted as a necessary purification, carried out on the express instructions of God. The glory of God (v. 4) manifests itself here in the midst of the cloud of smoke and in the brightness given off by the cleansing tire. That, too, is how it appears in the account of the call of Isaiah (cf. Is 6:6-7).
The second scene (vv. 8-17) describes in detail the throne of the glory of God. Many of the details given here fill out and help to explain what is described in chapter one. The “cherubim”, mentioned as many as eighteen times here, are the same “living creatures” as appeared in that chapter (1:15); in addition to bearing the throne, they obey the Lord’s commands, specifically that of giving the cleansing fire to the man clothed in linen (v. 7). They are fantastic characters; in Ezekiel, they symbolize all imaginable, exotic creatures, yet ones that are subject to the Lord, whom they serve and obey promptly and meticulously.
The last scene (vv. 18-22) is about the withdrawal of the glory of the Lord from the temple. It is a particularly forceful description precisely because it does not go into detail about the actual withdrawal, but focuses on the entourage of the divine glory and identifies each of the elements, all of which appeared already in the vision at the Chebar: there is the same glory of the God of Israel (v. 19), the same cherubim and living creatures (v. 20), with the same faces and wings. All these details betoken the seer’s sense of loss and desolation, so deeply does he feel the absence of the God of Israel. Applying to his own times this nostalgia for God and for his glory, St Gregory the Great commented: “Since we can no longer see the likeness of the glory of the Lord in the spirit of prophecy, we should seek it continually and desire to contemplate it in Holy Scripture, in the teachings sent from heaven and in the doctrines of the spirit” (Homilae Ezechielem prophetam, 1, 8, 32).
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From: Matthew 18:15-20
Fraternal Correction. The Apostles' Authority
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(Jesus said to His disciples), [15] "If your brother sins against you, go and tell him his fault, between you and him alone. If he listens to you, you have gained your brother. [16] But if he does not listen, take one or two others along with you, that every word may be confirmed by the evidence of two or three witnesses. [17] If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the Church; and if he refuses to listen even to the Church, let him be to you as a Gentile and a tax collector. [18] Truly, I say to you, whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in Heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in Heaven. [19] Again I say to you, if two of you agree on earth about anything they ask, it shall be done for them by My Father in Heaven. [20] For where two or three are gathered in My name, there am I in the midst of them."
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Commentary:
15-17. Here our Lord calls on us to work with Him for the sanctification of others by means of fraternal correction, which is one of the ways we can do so. He speaks as sternly about the sin of omission as He did about that of scandal (cf. Chrysostom, "Hom. on St. Matthew", 61).
There is an obligation on us to correct others. Our Lord identifies three stages in correction: 1) alone; 2) in the presence of one or two witnesses; and 3) before the Church. The first stage refers to giving scandal and to secret or private sins; here correction should be given privately, just to the person himself, to avoid unnecessarily publicizing a private matter and also to avoid hurting the person and to make it easier for him to mend his ways. If this correction does not have the desired effect, and the matter is a serious one, resort should be had to the second stage--looking for one or two friends, in case they have more influence on him. The last stage is formal judicial correction by reference to the Church authorities. If a sinner does not accept this correction, he should be excommuni- cated; that is, separated from communion with the Church and Sacraments.
18. This verse needs to be understood in connection with the authority previously promised to Peter (cf. Matthew 16:13-19): it is the hierarchy of the Church that exercises this power given by Christ to Peter, to the Apostles and their lawful successors -- the Pope and the Bishops.
19-20. "Ubi caritas et amor, Deus ibi est: where charity and love resides, there God is", the Holy Thursday liturgy intones, drawing its inspiration from the sacred text of 1 John 4:12. For it is true that love is inconceivable if there is only one person: it implies the presence of two or more (cf. Aquinas, "Commentary on St. Matthew", 18:19-20). And so it is that when Christians meet together in the name of Christ for the purpose of prayer, our Lord is present among them, pleased to listen to the unanimous prayer of His disciples: "All those with one accord devoted themselves to prayer, together with the women and Mary the mother of Jesus" (Acts 1:14). This is why the Church from the very beginning has practiced communal prayer (cf. Acts 12:5). There are religious practices-- few, short, daily "that have always been lived in Christian families and which I think are marvelous--grace at meals, morning and night prayers, the family rosary (even though nowadays this devotion to our Lady has been criticized by some people). Customs vary from place to place, but I think one should always encourage some acts of piety which the family can do together in a simple and natural fashion" (St. J. Escriva, "Conversations", 103).
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Source: "The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries". Biblical text from the Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and by Scepter Publishers in the United States. We encourage readers to purchase The Navarre Bible for personal study. See Scepter Publishers for details.
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