Mass in the Morning
CCC Cross Reference:
2 Sm 7 709; 2 Sm 7:14 238, 441
Ps 89 709
Lk 1:68 422, 717; Lk 1:73 706; Lk 1:76 523
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Reading 1
2 Sm 7:1-5, 8b-12, 14a, 16
When King David was settled in his palace,
and the Lord had given him rest from his enemies on every side,
he said to Nathan the prophet,
“Here I am living in a house of cedar,
while the ark of God dwells in a tent!”
Nathan answered the king,
“Go, do whatever you have in mind,
for the Lord is with you.”
But that night the Lord spoke to Nathan and said:
“Go, tell my servant David, ‘Thus says the Lord:
Should you build me a house to dwell in?
“‘It was I who took you from the pasture
and from the care of the flock
to be commander of my people Israel.
I have been with you wherever you went,
and I have destroyed all your enemies before you.
And I will make you famous like the great ones of the earth.
I will fix a place for my people Israel;
I will plant them so that they may dwell in their place
without further disturbance.
Neither shall the wicked continue to afflict them as they did of old,
since the time I first appointed judges over my people Israel.
I will give you rest from all your enemies.
The Lord also reveals to you
that he will establish a house for you.
And when your time comes and you rest with your ancestors,
I will raise up your heir after you, sprung from your loins,
and I will make his Kingdom firm.
I will be a father to him,
and he shall be a son to me.
Your house and your Kingdom shall endure forever before me;
your throne shall stand firm forever.’”
Responsorial Psalm
Ps 89:2-3, 4-5, 27 and 29
R. (2) For ever I will sing the goodness of the Lord.
The favors of the Lord I will sing forever;
through all generations my mouth shall proclaim your faithfulness.
For you have said, “My kindness is established forever”;
in heaven you have confirmed your faithfulness.
R. For ever I will sing the goodness of the Lord.
“I have made a covenant with my chosen one,
I have sworn to David my servant:
Forever will I confirm your posterity
and establish your throne for all generations.”
R. For ever I will sing the goodness of the Lord.
“He shall say of me, ‘You are my father,
my God, the rock, my savior.’
Forever I will maintain my kindness toward him,
and my covenant with him stands firm.”
R. For ever I will sing the goodness of the Lord.
Gospel
Lk 1:67-79
Zechariah his father, filled with the Holy Spirit, prophesied, saying:
“Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel;
for he has come to his people and set them free.
He has raised up for us a mighty Savior,
born of the house of his servant David.
Through his prophets he promised of old
that he would save us from our enemies,
from the hands of all who hate us.
He promised to show mercy to our fathers
and to remember his holy covenant.
This was the oath he swore to our father Abraham:
to set us free from the hand of our enemies,
free to worship him without fear,
holy and righteous in his sight
all the days of our life.
You, my child, shall be called the prophet of the Most High,
for you will go before the Lord to prepare his way,
to give his people knowledge of salvation
by the forgiveness of their sins.
In the tender compassion of our God
the dawn from on high shall break upon us,
to shine on those who dwell in darkness and the shadow of death,
and to guide our feet into the way of peace.”
Readings from the Jerusalem Bible
First reading 2 Samuel 7:1 – 16
Once David had settled into his house and the Lord had given him rest from all the enemies surrounding him, the king said to the prophet Nathan, ‘Look, I am living in a house of cedar while the ark of God dwells in a tent’. Nathan said to the king, ‘Go and do all that is in your mind, for the Lord is with you’.
But that very night the word of the Lord came to Nathan:
‘Go and tell my servant David, “Thus the Lord speaks: Are you the man to build me a house to dwell in? I took you from the pasture, from following the sheep, to be leader of my people Israel; I have been with you on all your expeditions; I have cut off all your enemies before you. I will give you fame as great as the fame of the greatest on earth. I will provide a place for my people Israel; I will plant them there and they shall dwell in that place and never be disturbed again; nor shall the wicked continue to oppress them as they did, in the days when I appointed judges over my people Israel; I will give them rest from all their enemies. The Lord will make you great; the Lord will make you a House. And when your days are ended and you are laid to rest with your ancestors, I will preserve the offspring of your body after you and make his sovereignty secure. I will be a father to him and he a son to me; if he does evil, I will punish him with the rod such as men use, with strokes such as mankind gives. Your House and your sovereignty will always stand secure before me and your throne be established for ever.”’
Responsorial Psalm:
Psalm 88(89):2-5,27,29
I will sing for ever of your love, O Lord.
I will sing for ever of your love, O Lord;
through all ages my mouth will proclaim your truth.
Of this I am sure, that your love lasts for ever,
that your truth is firmly established as the heavens.
I will sing for ever of your love, O Lord.
‘I have made a covenant with my chosen one;
I have sworn to David my servant:
I will establish your dynasty for ever
and set up your throne through all ages.
I will sing for ever of your love, O Lord.
‘He will say to me: “You are my father,
my God, the rock who saves me.”
I will keep my love for him always;
with him my covenant shall last.’
I will sing for ever of your love, O Lord.
Gospel Luke 1:67 – 79
John’s father Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit and spoke this prophecy:
‘Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel
for he has visited his people, he has come to their rescue
and he has raised up for us a power for salvation
in the House of his servant David,
even as he proclaimed,
by the mouth of his holy prophets from ancient times,
that he would save us from our enemies
and from the hands of all who hate us.
Thus he shows mercy to our ancestors,
thus he remembers his holy covenant
the oath he swore
to our father Abraham
that he would grant us, free from fear,
to be delivered from the hands of our enemies,
to serve him in holiness and virtue
in his presence, all our days.
And you, little child,
you shall be called Prophet of the Most High,
for you will go before the Lord
to prepare the way for him,
to give his people knowledge of salvation
through the forgiveness of their sins;
this by the tender mercy of our God
who from on high will bring the rising Sun to visit us,
to give light to those who live
in darkness and the shadow of death
and to guide our feet
into the way of peace.’
Readings and Commentary from the Navarre Bible
December 24 in Advent
Mass in the Morning
From: 2 Samuel 7:1-5, 8b-12, 14a, 16
Nathan's Prophecy About the Dynasty
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[1] Now when the king dwelt in his house, and the LORD had given him rest from all his enemies round about, [2] the king said to Nathan the prophet, "see now, I dwell in a house of cedar, but the ark of God dwells in a tent." [3] And Nathan said to the king, "Go, do all that is in your heart; for the LORD is with you."
[4] But that same night the word of the LORD came to Nathan, [5] "Go and tell my servant David, 'Thus says the LORD: Would you build me a house to dwell in?
[8b] "'I took you from the pasture, from following the sheep, that you should be prince over my people Israel; [9] and I have been with you wherever you went, and have cut off all your enemies from before you; and I will make for you a great name, like the name of the great ones of the earth.' [10] And I will appoint a place for my people Israel, and will plant them, that they may dwell in their own place, and be disturbed no more: and violent men shall afflict them no more, as formerly, [11] from the time that I appointed judges over my people Israel; and I will give you rest from all your enemies. Moreover the LORD declares to you that the LORD will make you a house. [12] When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers, I will raise up your offspring after you, who shall come forth from your body, and I will establish his kingdom. [14a] I will be his father, and he shall be my son. [16] And your house and your kingdom shall be made sure for ever before me; your throne shall be established for ever.'"
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Commentary:
7:1-17. Nathan is a court prophet will also appear in later accounts connected with Solomon and Bathsheba, his mother (cf. 2 Sam 12:1-25 and 1 Kings 1:11- 40). As prophet he is God's spokesman (he twice uses the classic formulation, "Thus says the Lord": vv. 5 and 8); here he has to oppose the king's plans (vv. 5-7); he proclaims a message which cannot but have its effect on the listener because the word of God is true and it always comes to pass.
Nathan's prophecy is particularly important: it decides who will succeed David, and it has to do with the Messiah, who will be a descendant of David. What he says has all the formality of an oracular statement; it confirms the dynastic succession and specifies the role of the temple among God's chosen people.
For pagan peoples (Egyptian, Assyrian, Babylonian etc.) the temple was the center of their world and the focus of their religious spirit; it was there that they kept their gods. In Israel, on the other hand, the temple will have quite a different role. It is based on the fact that the true God is not content with a temple; he has no need of a house in which to dwell (cf. 1 Kings 8:27). If he allows there to be sanctuaries or shrines (cf. Gen 28:20-22), the desert tabernacle or tent (cf. Ex 33: 7-11) and later the temple of Jerusalem (cf. 1 Kings 8:1-66), these are only signs of his presence among the people, not a habitation that he in any sense needs. Nathan's prophecy shows that it is not so much the temple as the Davidic dynasty that is the sign of divine presence and protection that God has set up from the start. Hence the play on words between "house of God" (temple) and "house of David" (dynasty).
The hereditary monarchy, then, is the center of Nathan's prophecy. If Michal's sterility cut off the line of succession from Saul, the prophecy assured that David's line would endure. From the central part of the prophecy (vv. 13-16) we can see that every descendant of David, the figure of the future Messiah, will have the following qualities:
a) He will be a son to God (v. 14a). This is not natural, human, sonship; it refers to the closeness of the relationship between God and the king (cf. Ps 2:7; 89:26- 27), so that the person and rule of the king will symbolize the presence of God and the active role he plays in the life of the people. The king's sonship to God, then, is an expression of the covenant established between God and David's line. God commits himself to act towards the king as a good father to his son. Jesus will bring these words and this covenant to full fruition, for he is the "eternal Son of God" made man (cf. Gal 4:4). Whereas he is the Son of God by natural generation, all the baptized are "sons in the Son": "For this is the very reason why the Word became flesh, why the Son of God became the Son of man: so that man, by entering into communion with the Word and thereby partaking of divine filiation, might be converted into a son of God" (St Irenaeus, "Adversus Haereses", 3, 19, 1; cf. "Catechism of the Catholic Church", 460).
b) He will be punished when necessary, but the punishment will be only temporary (14b-15), that is, David's line will not be cut off as happened to Saul, nor will any dethronement last, because the love of God will always win out. In the light of this oracular statement, any misfortunes of the people, even the exile in Babylon, despite being punishment for their sins, will be above all a proof of God's mercy. The death of Jesus on the cross, though caused by the sins of men, is above all a proof of the love of God who gave up his Son (cf. Rom 8:32), and of the love of Jesus who gave himself up on men's behalf (cf. Rom 4:25; Eph 5:25).
c) The Davidic dynasty will endure forever (vv. 12-13, 15-16). The title "son of David" will refer not only to genealogical descent but also to the fact that the holder is the beneficiary of this promise and of the Davidic covenant (cf. 1 Kings 8:25; Ps 132:10-18; Jer 17:24-27; Ezek 34:23-24; etc.). After the exile this is the title which is most often applied to the Messiah, and the writers of the New Testament, of course, are at pains to point out that Jesus is the "son of David" (cf. Mt 1:1; 9:27; Rom 1:3). The liturgy of the Solemnity of St Joseph, Husband of the Blessed Virgin, includes this text, because it is he who is the guarantor of the Davidic descent of Jesus (Mt 1:20) through being "of the house of David" (Lk 1: 27).
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From: Luke 1:67-79
The Benedictus
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[67] And his father Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit, and prophesied,
saying,
[68] "Blessed be the Lord God of Israel,
for he has visited and redeemed his people,
[69] and has raised up a horn of salvation for us
in the house of his servant David,
[70] as he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets from of old,
[71] that we should be saved from our enemies,
and from the hand of all who hate us;
[72] to perform the mercy promised to our fathers,
and to remember his holy covenant,
[73] the oath which he swore to our father Abraham,
[74] to grant us that we, being delivered from the hand of our enemies,
might serve him without fear,
[75] in holiness and righteousness before him all the days of our life.
[76] And you, child, will be called the prophet of the Most High;
for you will go before the Lord to prepare his ways,
[77] to give knowledge of salvation to his people
in the forgiveness of their sins,
[78] through the tender mercy of our God,
when the day shall dawn upon us from on high
[79] to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death,
to guide our feet into the way of peace."
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Commentary:
67. Zechariah, who was a righteous man (cf. v. 6), received the special grace of prophecy when his son was born--a gift which led him to pronounce his canticle, called the "Benedictus", a prayer so full of faith, reverence and piety that the Church has laid it down to be said daily in the Liturgy of the Hours. Prophecy has not only to do with foretelling future events; it also means being moved by the Holy Spirit to praise God. Both aspects of prophecy are to be found in the "Benedictus".
68-79. Two parts can be discerned in the "Benedictus": in the first (vv. 68-75) Zechariah thanks God for sending the Messiah, the Savior, as he promised the patriarchs and prophets of Israel.
In the second (vv. 76-79) he prophesies that his son will have the mission of being herald of the Most High and precursor of the Messiah, proclaiming God's mercy which reveals itself in the coming of Christ.
72-75. Again and again God promised the patriarchs of the Old Testament that he would take special care of Israel, giving them a land which they would enjoy undisturbed and many descendants in whom all the peoples of the earth would be blessed. This promise he ratified by means of a covenant or alliance, of the kind commonly made between kings and their vassals in the Near East. God, as Lord, would protect the patriarchs and their descendants, and these would prove their attachment to him by offering him certain sacrifices and by doing him service. See, for example, Genesis 12:13; 17:1-8; 22:16-18 (God's promise, covenant and pledge to Abraham); and Genesis 5:11-12 (where he repeats these promises to Jacob). Zechariah realizes that the events resulting from the birth of John his son, the Precursor of the Messiah; constitute complete fulfillment of these divine purposes.
78-79. The "dawning", the "dayspring", is the Messiah, Jesus Christ, coming down from heaven to shed his light upon us: "the son of righteousness shall rise, with healing on its wings" (Mal 4:2). Already in the Old Testament we were told about the glory of the Lord, the reflection of his presence--something intimately connected with light. For example, when Moses returned to the encampment after talking with God, his face so shone that the Israelites "were afraid to come near him" (Ex 34:30). St John is making the same reference when he says that "God is light and in him there is no darkness" (1 Jn 1:5) and that there will be no light in heaven "for the glory of God is its light" (cf. Rev 21:23; 22:5).
The angels (cf. Rev 1:11) and the saints (cf. Wis 3:7; Dan 2:3) partake of this divine splendor; our Lady does so in a special way. As a symbol of the Church she is revealed to us in the Apocalypse as "clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feel, and on her head a crown of twelve stars" (12:1).
Even when we live in this world, this divine light reaches us through Jesus Christ who, because he is God, is "the true light that enlightens every man" (Jn 1:9), as Christ himself tells us: "I am the light of the world; he who follows me will not walk in darkness" (Jn 8:12).
Such is Christians' share in this light of God that Jesus tells us: "You are the light of the world" (Mt 5:14). Therefore, we must live as children of the light (cf. Lk 16:8), whose fruit takes the form of "all that is good and right and true" (Eph 5:9); our lives should shine out, thereby helping people to know God and give him glory (cf. Mt 5:16).
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Source: "The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries". Biblical text from the Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States. We encourage readers to purchaseThe Navarre Bible for personal study. See Scepter Publishers for details.
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